有朋友和我反馈,说他们在装linux 6.5上面装11.2.0.3的rac出现异常，root.sh在第一个节点执行就失败了,请求帮助
根据上面记录,查看asmca日志
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.885 CST ] [SQLEngine.reInitialize:738] Reinitializing SQLEngine...
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.885 CST ] [OracleHome.getVersion:889] OracleHome.getVersion called. Current Version: 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.885 CST ] [OracleHome.getVersion:957] Current Version From Inventory: 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.885 CST ] [OracleHome.getVersion:889] OracleHome.getVersion called. Current Version: 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.886 CST ] [OracleHome.getVersion:957] Current Version From Inventory: 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.886 CST ] [OracleHome.getVersion:889] OracleHome.getVersion called. Current Version: 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.886 CST ] [OracleHome.getVersion:957] Current Version From Inventory: 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.886 CST ] [SQLPlusEngine.getCmmdParams:222] m_home 11.2.0.3.0
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.887 CST ] [SQLPlusEngine.getCmmdParams:223] version > 112 true
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.887 CST ] [SQLEngine.getEnvParams:555] Default NLS_LANG: AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.887 CST ] [SQLEngine.getEnvParams:565] NLS_LANG: AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.888 CST ] [SQLEngine.initialize:325] Execing SQLPLUS/SVRMGR process...
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.900 CST ] [SQLEngine.initialize:362] m_bReaderStarted: false
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.900 CST ] [SQLEngine.initialize:366] Starting Reader Thread...
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.901 CST ] [SQLEngine.initialize:415] Waiting for m_bReaderStarted to be true
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.972 CST ] [SQLEngine.done:2189] Done called
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.972 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:173] SEVERE:method oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMInstance:configureLocalASM
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.973 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:174] ORA-01012: not logged on
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.973 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:175] oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLFatalErrorException: ORA-01012: not logged on
oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLEngine.executeImpl(SQLEngine.java:1658)
oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLEngine.executeQuery(SQLEngine.java:831)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMInstance.configureLocalASM(USMInstance.java:3036)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.service.UsmcaService.configureLocalASM(UsmcaService.java:1049)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel.performConfigureLocalASM(UsmcaModel.java:944)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel.performOperation(UsmcaModel.java:797)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.Usmca.execute(Usmca.java:174)
oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.Usmca.main(Usmca.java:369)
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.989 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:173] SEVERE:method oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMInstance:configureLocalASM
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.989 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:174] ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
[main] [ 2015-07-24 12:49:35.989 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logException:175] oracle.sysman.assistants.util.sqlEngine.SQLFatalErrorException: ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
这里可以看出来,asm实例无法登陆(ORA-01012和ORA-03113),根据这样的错误，分析asm日志
Reconfiguration complete
Fri Jul 24 12:49:29 2015
LCK0 started with pid=22, OS id=46913
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_lmd0_46887.trc (incident=81):
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 7072 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,1)","ges resource ")
Incident details in: /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/incident/incdir_81/+ASM1_lmd0_46887_i81.trc
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_lck0_46913.trc (incident=177):
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 760 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","KKSSP^1343","kglss")
Incident details in: /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/incident/incdir_177/+ASM1_lck0_46913_i177.trc
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_lmon_46885.trc (incident=73):
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 632 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,1)","name-service ")
Incident details in: /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/incident/incdir_73/+ASM1_lmon_46885_i73.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_lck0_46913.trc:
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 760 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","KKSSP^1343","kglss")
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=46913 (LCK0)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_diag_46879.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
LCK0 (ospid: 46913): terminating the instance due to error 4031
Fri Jul 24 12:49:35 2015
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Instance terminated by LCK0, pid = 46913
进一步分析asm日志，发现是大家熟悉的asm的ORA-4031问题,那就是说明数据库在执行root.sh的时候使用默认参数文件启动asm的时候shared pool不够大(根据ORACLE最佳实践，建议memory_target=1536M及其以上值)，从而出现该问题。类似Bug 14292825 ORA-4031 in ASM as default memory parameters values for 11.2 ASM instances low，根据官方描述该问题在11.2.0.4中修复
通过asm日志发现相关默认值配置
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options.
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
System name: Linux
Node name: RAC01
Release: 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
Version: #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013
Machine: x86_64
Using parameter settings in client-side pfile /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/dbs/init+ASM1.ora on machine RAC01
System parameters with non-default values:
large_pool_size = 16M
instance_type = "asm"
remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
asm_power_limit = 1
diagnostic_dest = "/u01/app/grid"
Cluster communication is configured to use the following interface(s) for this instance
10.10.10.31
cluster interconnect IPC version:Oracle UDP/IP (generic)
IPC Vendor 1 proto 2
Fri Jul 24 12:49:27 2015
通过查询/proc/cpuinfo,检查cpu数量
processor : 191
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 62
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-8850 v2 @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 7
cpu MHz : 1200.000
cache size : 24576 KB
physical id : 7
siblings : 24
core id : 13
cpu cores : 12
apicid : 251
initial apicid : 251
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
而根据How To Determine The Default Number Of Subpools Allocated During Startup (Doc ID 455179.1)中描述
最多7个subpool(这里一共有192个cpu,因此subpool数量为7)
每个suppool最少512m内存,因此shared pool最小需要3.5G(而默认值几百M,远远不够)
由于cpu多，导致shared pool的Subpools 更加多，使得shared pool的需求量更加大。至此本次故障原因可以总结：
由于cpu较多，需要更多的shared pool，而11.2.0.3中由于asm默认内存分配较少，导致在asm启动之时出现shared pool不足（本身默认值小，而且shared pool需求大，从而出现了ORA-04031就不奇怪了),因为运行root.sh过程中asm无法正常启动，从而使得root.sh运行失败。
处理办法:临时disable部分cpu,然后重新执行root.sh,修改asm内存分配,再enable cpu.
特别说明:此故障acs的兄弟遇到过,所以这次我能够快速反应,感谢acs兄弟们的帮忙,另外有权限的朋友可以看看:3-10479952701和3-7976215751等sr描述
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