注：以Ubuntu 10.04版本为例，LDAP服务器和客户端为同一台机器，最新openldap软件服务器端无单独的配置文件，而是将配置信息保存于数据库中。
1. LDAP服务器端安装与配置
1.1 安装LDAP服务器相关软件 sudo apt-get install slapd ldap-utils
1.2 配置LDAP服务器数据库 sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.ldifsudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/nis.ldif sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/misc.ldif (1)创建数据库 在/var/lib/ldap/下创建create_database.ldif文件： # Load hdb backend module
dn: cn=module{0},cn=config
objectClass: olcModuleList
cn: module
olcModulepath: /usr/lib/ldap
olcModuleload: {0}back_hdb
# Create the hdb database and place the files under /var/lib/ldap
dn: olcDatabase={1}hdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
objectClass: olcHdbConfig
olcDatabase: {1}hdb
olcDbDirectory: /var/lib/ldap
olcSuffix: dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
olcRootDN: cn=admin,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
olcRootPW: {SSHA}5EdV7cSYlP44/gEWu+x3VKAKLN2HG4VX
olcDbConfig: {0}set_cachesize 0 2097152 0
olcDbConfig: {1}set_lk_max_objects 1500
olcDbConfig: {2}set_lk_max_locks 1500
olcDbConfig: {3}set_lk_max_lockers 1500
olcLastMod: TRUE
olcDbCheckpoint: 512 30
olcDbIndex: uid pres,eq
olcDbIndex: cn,sn,mail pres,eq,approx,sub
olcDbIndex: objectClass eq 导入： sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /var/lib/ldap/create_database.ldif注：create_database.ldif文件中olcRootPW参数后面的密文对应明文为"example"，可用slappasswd命令获取明文对应的密文
(2)初始化数据库 在/var/lib/ldap/下创建init_database.ldif文件： dn: dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: edu.example.org
dc: edu
#description: LDAP root
dn: ou=People,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: People
dn: ou=Groups,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: Groups 导入： sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /var/lib/ldap/init_database.ldif
(3)modify the ACL to limit access to the database. 在/var/lib/ldap/下创建acls.ldif文件： dn:olcDatabase={1}hdb,cn=config
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange by dn="cn=admin,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
olcAccess: {1}to dn.subtree="" by * read
olcAccess: {2}to * by dn="cn=admin,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org" write by * read 导入： sudo ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /var/lib/ldap/acls.ldif
(4)测试数据库 sudo ldapsearch -x -h localhost -b dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
1.3 使用迁移工具migrationtools (1)安装 sudo apt-get install migrationtools
(2)使用该工具迁移Linux系统中的用户和组到LDAP服务器中 cd /usr/share/migrationtools/ ./migrate_group.pl /etc/group ./group.ldif ./migrate_passwd.pl /etc/passwd ./passwd.ldif 修改group.ldif中组的父域名为ou=Groups,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org 修改passwd.ldif中用户的父域名为ou=People,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=orgldapadd -x -W -D "cn=admin,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org" -f ./group.ldif ldapadd -x -W -D "cn=admin,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org" -f ./passwd.ldif
1.4 使用ldap服务器管理工具ldapscripts (1)安装 sudo apt-get install ldapscripts
(2)修改配置文件 # LDAP Configuration
# DEBIAN: values from /etc/pam_ldap.conf are used.
SERVER="ldap://localhost"
BINDDN="cn=admin,dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org"
# The following file contains the raw password of the binddn
# Create it with something like : echo -n 'secret' > $BINDPWDFILE
# WARNING !!!! Be careful not to make this file world-readable
# DEBIAN: /etc/pam_ldap.secret or /etc/ldap.secret are used.
BINDPWDFILE="/etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.passwd"
# For older versions of OpenLDAP, it is still possible to use
# unsecure command-line passwords by defining the following option
# AND commenting the previous one (BINDPWDFILE takes precedence)
#BINDPWD="secret"
# DEBIAN: values from /etc/pam_ldap.conf are used.
SUFFIX="dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org" # Global suffix
GSUFFIX="ou=Groups" # Groups ou (just under $SUFFIX)
USUFFIX="ou=People" # Users ou (just under $SUFFIX)
#MSUFFIX="ou=Machines" # Machines ou (just under $SUFFIX)
# User passwords generation
# Command-line used to generate a password for added users (you may use %u for username here)
# WARNING !!!! This is evaluated, everything specified here will be run !
# Special value "" will ask for a password interactively
#PASSWORDGEN="cat /dev/random | LC_ALL=C tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c8"
#PASSWORDGEN="head -c8 /dev/random | uuencode -m - | sed -n '2s|=*$||;2p' | sed -e 's|+||g' -e 's|/||g'"
#PASSWORDGEN="pwgen"
#PASSWORDGEN="echo changeme"
#PASSWORDGEN="echo %u"
PASSWORDGEN="" 注：如红字所示，照应前面的配置，向ldapscripts.passwd写入密码的命令为：echo -n 'example' > /etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.passwd
(3)使用 sudo ldapaddgroup testgroup sudo ldapadduser testuser testgroup sudo ldapsetpasswd testuser
(4)测试 getent passwd getent group
2. LDAP客户端安装与配置 2.1 使用apt-get安装相关服务 #sudo apt-get install libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd 安装过程中根据安装向导输入ldap服务器IP和相应base域名信息，最后，针对nss services勾选group和passwd两项即可。 注：Ubuntu系统中LDAP客户端的配置文件为/etc/nslcd.conf和/etc/nsswitch.conf，以上配置信息都可以在该配置文件中随时修改!修改后要重启服务：service nslcd restart # /etc/nslcd.conf
# nslcd configuration file. See nslcd.conf(5)
# for details.
# The user and group nslcd should run as.
uid nslcd
gid nslcd
# The location at which the LDAP server(s) should be reachable.
uri ldap://127.0.0.1/
# The search base that will be used for all queries.
base dc=edu,dc=example,dc=org
# The LDAP protocol version to use.
#ldap_version 3
# The DN to bind with for normal lookups.
#binddn cn=annonymous,dc=example,dc=net
#bindpw secret
# SSL options
#ssl off
#tls_reqcert never
# The search scope.
#scope sub # /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality.
# If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try:
# `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file.
passwd: compat ldap
group: compat ldap
shadow: compat
hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
networks: files
protocols: db files
services: db files
ethers: db files
rpc: db files
netgroup: nis
2.2 安装配置完成后，使用以下命令验证访问LDAP服务器是否成功 #getent passwd#getent group 若不能正确显示LDAP服务器上的相关用户和组，则检查以下原因： ①LDAP服务器是否开启 ②LDAP服务器防火墙是否关闭 ③客户端配置的LDAP服务器IP是否正确，可否ping通 ④客户端配置的base域名是否正确 ⑤端口不对 ⑥版本不对
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【相关说明】 ① libnss-ldap 被用于名字解析, libpam-ldap 用 pm 通过LDAP来认证用户。
【参考】 ① http://labs.opinsys.com/blog/2010/01/27/setting-up-openldap-on-ubuntu-10-04-alpha2/ 服务器和客户端都在Ubuntu上的参考文档 ② http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?p=2225140 针对10.04及以后的详细安装过程(服务器和客户端) ③ http://askubuntu.com/questions/127389/how-to-configure-ubuntu-as-an-ldap-client 指出出现问题要查看日志!! ④ http://www.dasairen.com/Centos/18520711220.html 为LDAP服务手动添加日志功能